Canada Census, 1901 includes two columns which are unique to other Canadian censuses. They are colour (column 5) which only appears in this census and for Ethnicity (column 11) which contains unique answer options.
Colour
Library and Archives Canada defines the colour column as
follows.
“…the letter "w" or “b” for white, "r" for red (Indigenous peoples), "b" or “n” for black (Black Canadians), "y" or “j” for yellow (individuals of Asian descent). Individuals of mixed heritage were designated by their relevant non-white race.”[1]
Ethnicity
The ethnicity listed in column 11 is the same for other censuses if the ancestry is from Europe or Asia but unique for the FNMI Peoples, and is different for each of the Peoples.
First Nation
The First Nation people have an "r" in the colour column, and
an r in the Ethnicity field as well. It does not say Cree, Iroquois, Chipewyan, Algonquin or any other
nation, just the letter "r".
Metis
Metis are those who have an ancestry couple where one spouse
was First Nation and the other is European. French was the most Metis ancestry. Metis people are designated as R in the colour field. In the ethnicity column, they
are designated as follows. The first table is English. The second table is French.
[2]
| Fb | French Breed |
| Eb | English Breed |
| Sb | Scottish Breed |
| Ib | Irish Breed |
| Ob | Other breed |
| m.f. | métis français, French breed |
| m.a. | métis anglais, English breed |
| m.e. | métis écossais, Scottish breed |
| m.i. | métis irlandais, Irish breed |
| a.r. | autre race/métissage, other breed |
Inuit
The Inuit are designated as R in the colour field. In the
ethnicity column they are identified as Eskimo. That term is no longer used. For more information, read my blog post FNMI The Indigenous Peoples of Canada at https://ifamilyhistory.blogspot.com/2023/11/fnmi-indigenous-peoples-of-canada.html.
These are Racial or Tribal Origin. Inuit are found in the Unorganized Territories, District 206. These are records are found only at: http://automatedgenealogy.com/census/District.jsp?id=206
- Sub-district c, Keewatin
- Sub-district d, Mackenzie
- Sub-district e, Ungava
Yukon results do not appear on Ancestry, FamilySearch, or Library and Archives Canada.
The search page for this census is found at the following websites
- Library and Archives Canada https://recherche-collection-search.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/Census/Index
- Ancestry https://www.ancestry.ca/search/collections/8826/
- FamilySearch https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/1584557
[1] Library and Archives Canada, Dominion of Canada, 1871 to 1931, Census of Canada, 1901, https://library-archives.canada.ca/eng/collection/research-help/genealogy-family-history/censuses/Pages/dominion-canada.aspx#1901, accessed Nov 2023.
[2] Library and Archives Canada, General census guide, Other abbreviations, https://library-archives.canada.ca/eng/collection/research-help/genealogy-family-history/censuses/Pages/census-records.aspx, accessed Nov 2023.
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